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How to read this page. The written overview is an AI-generated educational summary. Papers, references, costs and companies are verify-yourself links — we do not fabricate citations, prices or company lists.
PART 1Executive Overview
1Definition

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a renewable energy technology that harnesses the temperature difference between warm surface water and colder deep water to generate electricity. It operates on the principle of using this temperature gradient to drive a heat engine.

Category
Renewable
Best use
Tropical 24/7 baseload, zero fuel
Stage
FAR
2Problem It Solves

OTEC addresses the need for reliable and constant baseload power generation, particularly in tropical regions where the temperature difference between surface and deep waters is significant. It provides a zero-emission alternative to fossil fuels without relying on intermittent sources like solar or wind.

3Lifecycle / Journey Stage
early commercial
PART 2Technical & Manufacturing
4How It Works

Warm seawater from the surface is drawn into a heat exchanger, where it boils a low-boiling-point working fluid (such as ammonia or propane). The vaporized fluid drives a turbine connected to a generator. Cold water from deeper in the ocean is then used to condense the vapor back into a liquid, which is recirculated through the system.

5Materials Used
6Manufacturing / Creation Process

The manufacturing process involves constructing OTEC plants with heat exchangers, turbines, generators, and cooling systems. These components are typically made from durable materials suitable for marine environments, such as stainless steel and aluminum alloys.

7Build Process

OTEC plants require careful site selection due to the need for consistent temperature gradients. The build process includes designing and constructing the plant, installing heat exchangers, turbines, and electrical systems, followed by testing and commissioning.

PART 3Market & Industry
9Companies Involved
Makai Ocean EngineeringKRISO

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10Estimated Costs

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11Case Studies

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PART 4Academic References
12Scientific Papers / White Papers

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13Patents

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14Glossary
heat exchanger
A device that transfers heat from one fluid to another without the fluids mixing.
working fluid
The substance used in a thermodynamic cycle to absorb and transfer energy, such as ammonia or propane.
closed cycle
An OTEC system where the working fluid is continuously recycled without being released into the environment.
15References

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Related Technologies

Source: curated technology intelligence stream with tracked references.