Next-generation TB vaccines are a class of candidate vaccines designed to improve upon the limitations of the century-old BCG vaccine, with a focus on providing better protection against tuberculosis (TB), particularly for adults.
The current BCG vaccine has limited efficacy, especially in adults, and does not protect against all strains of TB. Next-generation vaccines aim to address these shortcomings by enhancing immunogenicity and broadening the range of protected strains.
These vaccines typically work by introducing specific components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or using viral vectors to deliver genetic material from TB into the human body. This triggers an immune response that is expected to provide long-lasting protection against TB infection and disease.
Manufacture involves complex biotechnological processes including cell culture, genetic engineering, and purification steps. The use of viral vectors requires specialized facilities due to biosafety concerns.
The process begins with selecting or designing antigens or genetic material from M. tuberculosis, followed by vector development if using a viral vector. This is then scaled up through cell cultures and purified before being tested for safety and efficacy in preclinical studies.
Field units draw low hundreds of watts; fabrication is energy-intensive due to vacuum baking and refrigeration requirements during transport and storage.
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