mRNA vaccines use synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences that encode for a specific antigen, which the body’s cells then translate into proteins to trigger an immune response.
Traditional vaccine development processes are slow and often require a long time to identify the correct antigen. mRNA vaccines can be rapidly developed as they do not require growing viral cultures or inactivated viruses.
The mRNA is delivered into cells using lipid nanoparticles or other delivery systems. Once inside, the cells read the mRNA and produce the encoded protein, prompting an immune response without introducing any live virus.
Manufacturing involves synthesizing the mRNA sequence, formulating it into stable nanoparticles, and filling vials for distribution.
The process begins with designing the mRNA sequence, followed by synthesis using automated machines. The mRNA is then encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles to protect it during delivery.
Field units draw low hundreds of watts; fabrication is energy-intensive due to vacuum baking and synthesis processes.
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